SQE1 Prep — The Audio Course
SQE1 Prep — The Audio Course is a revision podcast that works through the complete SQE1 syllabus, covering one topic per episode. Each roughly fifteen-minute lesson deals with the rules, leading principles and common examiner traps for the FLK1 and FLK2 subjects. Scripts are written and checked against the study notes at sqe1prep.co.uk and read by an AI voice. The show is produced by SQE1 Prep, an independent revision provider unaffiliated with the SRA or Kaplan, and is intended as educational content rather than legal advice.
Episodes
Courts and the Judiciary — SQE1 FLK1 Legal System
A newspaper says the Supreme Court has struck down an Act of Parliament; your client's licence depends on whether that can be true.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Civil courts, the four tracks, and the three High Court divisionsOffence classification decides the court, and the either-way election is the defendant'sSupreme Court powers, and why a declara
Doctrine of Precedent — SQE1 FLK1 Legal System
A Court of Appeal ruling matches your client's case almost exactly, and the one fact that differs is why the judge can decide against him.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Vertical and horizontal stare decisis, and which courts bind whichRatio binds, obiter persuades, and how to tell them apartThe Practice Statement 1966 and when the Supreme Court departs
Primary Legislation — SQE1 FLK1 Legal System
A minister and an Act of Parliament can impose exactly the same speed limit, and only one of them can be destroyed in court.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Dicey's three principles, implied repeal, and why entrenchment failsGreen and White Papers, the five stages, and commencementDelegated legislation, the parent Act, and ultra vires in substance or pro
Statutory Interpretation — SQE1 FLK1 Legal System
A trader puts a price ticket on something the law says she must not offer for sale, and whether she is guilty turns entirely on what the word offer already means.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Literal, golden, mischief and purposive: what triggers each approachIntrinsic and extrinsic aids, and the three Pepper v Hart conditionsInterpretation Act 1978 d
Judicial Review — SQE1 FLK1 Legal System
A residents' association files inside the three months everyone told them they had, and can still lose the claim before anyone argues the law.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Judicial review polices how a decision was made, never what was decidedAmenability turns on the character of the decision, not the decision-makerPromptness is a separate requirement
Constitutional Foundations — SQE1 FLK1 Legal System
A minister spends three weeks attacking her own government's decision on television, a citizen goes to the High Court, and the court will do nothing at all.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Conventions bind politically and are never enforced, even in statutory formThe Crown is the executive; the monarch acts on ministerial advicePrerogative is residual, d
Formation of a Contract — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
A price tag in a shop window, cash counted out on the counter, and a shop owner who is still perfectly free to say no.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Offers and invitations to treat, and why the line decides everythingHow offers die, and what a counter-offer destroysWhen acceptance takes effect, the postal rule and its limitsTwo presumptions on intentio
Consideration and Promissory Estoppel — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
A supplier promises a loyal customer 20 per cent off for a year, then changes its mind, and English law sides with the supplier.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Consideration must be sufficient in law, but need not be adequatePast consideration fails unless requested on an understanding of paymentPractical benefit buys extra pay, but never part paymentPa
Privity and Third Party Rights — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
A nephew is named in an agreement, promised £5,000, and can recover nothing, because of a single line the sisters' solicitor put in.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Only parties can enforce; the burden side of privity never movedAgency, assignment, collateral contract, trust and tort are the common law routess.1(1)(a) express right, s.1(1)(b) conferred b
Express Terms and Incorporation — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
A signature binds you to every word you never read, and one question asked at the counter can undo it.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Four tests separate a contractual term from a mere representationA signature binds you to terms you never readNotice must come before contracting, in a genuinely contractual documentOnerous clauses need a red hand, not or
Implied Terms and Exemption Clauses — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
The law writes terms into your contract that nobody agreed to, and then refuses to let you write them out again.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Necessity implies a term in fact; reasonableness never doesTerms implied in law attach to a type of relationshipSale of Goods Act for businesses, Consumer Rights Act for consumersExemption clauses face incorpora
Classification and Interpretation of Terms — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
A crane sits idle for seven weeks, the builder writes ending the hire, and that letter turns out to be the more expensive mistake.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Conditions terminate, warranties pay damages, innominate terms depend on the breachSale of Goods Act conditions, and the Consumer Rights Act tiered remediesInterpretation is objective, negotiat
Misrepresentation — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
The dealer says one previous owner, the car has had four, and nothing about owners is in the written agreement, which is exactly why the claim works.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Fact or opinion turns on who was placed to knowSilence is safe until a half-truth or a changed circumstanceInvestigating defeats inducement; being able to investigate does no
Mistake, Duress, Undue Influence and Illegality — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
A rogue buys a car with a cheque that bounces and sells it on before anyone notices, and whether your client ever sees it again turns on a single word.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Void or voidable decides who keeps the goodsCommon mistake must make performance essentially and radically differentIdentity voids a contract; attributes only make it voida
Discharge of Contract — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
A gardener does half the job and walks away, and the law hands him nothing, while a decorator who hangs one strip of wallpaper crooked is paid almost in full.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The entire obligations rule and its four escape routesSubstantial performance turns on the size of the defectsRepudiatory breach gives an election: terminate or affi
Remedies, Causation and Remoteness — SQE1 FLK1 Contract Law
A caterer walks away three weeks before the wedding, and the one number the couple can recover explains almost everything contract damages do.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Expectation is the primary measure; reliance is the fallback, never an additionCausation is but for; remoteness is the two limbs of HadleyCost of cure gives way to difference in val
Duty of Care — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
A woman bites into a cereal bar she was given rather than bought, and the law lets her sue a manufacturer she has never dealt with.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The neighbour principle, and why no contract is neededCaparo's three limbs, and why Robinson stopped you running themOmissions, and the four exceptions that create a dutyPrimary and secondary
Breach of Duty — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
A driver with thirty years and no accidents judged 35 miles an hour to be a safe speed for him, and the law had already stopped listening.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The standard is objective; what the defendant thought safe is irrelevantChildren and unknown impairment bend it; inexperience and mental illness do notBolam, then Bolitho's logic check,
Causation — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
A hospital sends a dying man home without a doctor seeing him, admits it was careless, and still pays nothing.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The but-for test, and what to do when it failsRemoteness turns on the type of damage, never its extentWhen medical, claimant, third-party or natural acts break the chainMaterial contribution and the narrow asbesto
Remoteness and Damage — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
Proving the defendant caused the harm is not the end of it, because the law still decides which harms count and what they are worth.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Only the type of damage must be foreseeable, not its extentPrimary victims skip the Alcock criteria; secondary victims never doA death produces two claims: the dependants' and the estate'sSpe
Pure Economic Loss — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
A bakery loses power for two days, suffers three separate losses, and will only ever be paid for two of them.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Pure economic loss stands alone; consequential loss flows from physical damageThe general rule is no duty, on floodgates and indeterminate liabilityRepairing a defective building is pure economic loss, not damageCa
Employers' and Vicarious Liability — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
The ear defenders were in the cupboard the whole time, and nobody ever told her the noise could take her hearing.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Primary liability is the employer's own breach, not an employee'sThree duties: competent staff, adequate equipment, safe system of workStage one asks employee or contractor, stage two asks course of employmentO
Defences — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
A man goes up a scaffold with no edge rails because refusing the job would cost him the work, and whether he consented turns out to be the whole of this topic.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Volenti is complete; contributory negligence only reduces the damagesKnowledge of a danger is never consent to itSeatbelt guidelines are 25%, 15%, or nothing if cau
Occupiers' Liability — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
A neighbour lifts your garage door to fetch a ball, and in that second he stops being a visitor and becomes a trespasser under a different Act of Parliament.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:An occupier is anyone with sufficient control over premisesVisitor or non-visitor decides which Act appliesThe 1957 Act duty arises automatically; the 1984 duty does
Product Liability — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
A jar of skin cream you never bought, a sealed tub nobody could check, and a manufacturer you have never dealt with who is liable anyway.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Two routes: negligence at common law, and the Consumer Protection Act 1987No contract needed; a manufacturer owes the ultimate consumer a dutyThe Act is strict: prove defect, damage and
Nuisance and Rylands v Fletcher — SQE1 FLK1 Tort Law
Bands next door rehearse until midnight and the homeowner cannot sleep, but the tort she needs protects her house rather than her.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Private nuisance protects land, so you need exclusive possession to sueReasonable user and locality, unless the nuisance causes physical damagePublic nuisance needs a class of the public and sp
Business Structures — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A caterer loses one booking and her house is on the line, because of a decision she made before her first customer.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Five structures, and which three give separate legal personalityUnlimited liability for sole traders and general partnersPartnership arises from conduct, and starts before trading doesLLPs give protection wit
Partnerships — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A partnership can exist before anyone decides to have one, bind you to a deal you never heard of, and follow you for years after you leave.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:No formality creates a partnership; conduct and a profit motive doEvery partner is an agent, and internal limits bind nobody without noticeRetiring partners stay liable to old customer
Company Formation & Constitution — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A freelance developer wants to own, run and be the whole of her new company, and half the internet is telling her that is impossible.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:One person can form a company; the certificate is conclusiveModel articles apply by default unless you register your ownSpecial resolution, 75% of votes cast, effective when passedSection 33
Directors (Appointment, Removal & Disqualification) — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
The accountant says a company must have a board of at least two, and he is about to cost four friends their coffee shop over a rule that does not exist.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:One director for a private company, two for a public oneThe 14 days begin with the day of the appointmentFixed term plus notice period are aggregated to find the guarantee
Directors' Duties — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A bidder offers your client £10,000 to see its tender home, she reports it to the board at once, and the board wants to know whether it can simply say yes.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Duties are owed to the company, not the shareholdersGood faith answers s 172 but never the proper purpose limbs 175 conflicts can be authorised; s 176 benefits cannots
Company Meetings and Resolutions — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A shareholder with 55% of the company watches a resolution he opposes carried three votes to one, and one word from him reverses it.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Public companies must hold an annual general meeting; private ones need notNotice is 14 clear days, or 21 for a public annual general meetingShow of hands is one person one vote; a poll is on
Share Capital & Shareholders — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A company with an overdraft at its limit, £1 shares nobody will pay £1 for, and an investor waiting with £50,000 the law will not let it take.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Nominal value is a floor; shares are never issued at a discountSection 550 authority, section 561 pre-emption, section 830 distributable profitsOrdinary shares carry risk and votes;
Minority Shareholder Protection — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
Two founders built a company together for eight years, and the one holding 40% has just been voted off the board entirely lawfully, which is exactly why the law will help.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Foss v Harbottle: the company is the proper claimant for its wrongsUnfair prejudice needs prejudice to membership interests plus objective unfairnessQua
Capital Maintenance and Distributions — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A board has just won three big contracts and has cash in the bank, and it still cannot lawfully pay a penny of dividend.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Distributions come only from accumulated realised profitsUnrealised revaluation surpluses can never be paid outWho repays an unlawful dividend, and on what knowledgeTwo routes to reduce capital, and who
Company Accounts and Audit — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A board hands its books to a firm of chartered accountants, signs what comes back without asking a question, and discovers the law was never looking at the accountants.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Adequate accounting records, three years private and six years publicSmall company means any two of three size conditionsAudit is the default, and small or
Company Administration and Compliance — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A company secretary inherits four handwritten registers in a filing cabinet, and only one of them is still required by law.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Only the register of members survived the 18 November 2025 register cullRegistered office: right part of the UK, appropriate address, board decisionCompany names: the narrow same-as test, and the sepa
Business Financing — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
Two ways to raise the same £200,000, each costing £20,000 a year, and one of them is quietly cheaper than the other.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Why interest is cheaper than a dividend, and what gearing costsOverdraft or term loan, and matching the finance to the needFixed and floating charges, guarantees, and the 21 day registration ruleAngels, vent
Charges and Security — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A deed that says fixed charge on every page can still leave the lender at the back of the queue.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Control, not the label, decides whether a charge is fixed or floatingDeliver particulars within 21 days beginning the day after creationFixed beats an uncrystallised floating charge unless the later lender had noticeFloating ch
Business Taxation — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
A business owner leaves half her profit in the business to fund expansion, and whether she is taxed on money she never sees depends on a decision she made before she started.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Who pays which tax, and why a company never pays CGTIncome tax bands, dividend rates, and the 60% allowance taperCorporation tax limits, associated c
Corporate Insolvency — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
Your client's balance sheet shows a comfortable surplus, an unpaid demand from a supplier is twenty-five days old, and the finance director insists a company with more assets than liabilities cannot possibly be insolvent.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Two insolvency tests, and why a surplus proves nothingAdministration, CVAs, and the 2020 rescue toolsT
Personal Bankruptcy and Alternatives — SQE1 FLK1 Business Law and Practice
Four months into his bankruptcy a letter arrives saying the enquiries are over, and he is certain that means he is free.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Bankruptcy runs one year, but three other clocks run longerWhat falls into the estate, what is excluded, what is clawed backArrangements need three-quarters in value, then must survive the associates lim
Dispute Resolution Mechanisms — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
Your client wants privacy, a decision-maker who knows his industry, and a timetable of his own, and the courts can give him none of the three.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Litigation is public, court-controlled, and the only source of injunctionsArbitration buys privacy, a chosen decision-maker and international enforcementIn mediation the parties dec
Pre-Action Considerations — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
A warehouse frame has been failing since the day it was built, and the claim was already dead before anyone found out.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Contract six years from breach; tort six years from the damagePersonal injury is three years from the date of knowledgeLatent damage: a fifteen-year longstop from the negligent actAcknowledgement and part
Commencing a Claim — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
Your client is owed £150,000 and everyone assumes that figure sends the claim to the High Court, which is exactly the assumption that costs money.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Over £100,000 makes the High Court available, not compulsoryTrack thresholds are £10,000, £25,000 and £100,000Personal injury small claims needs both limbs, not just valueA post
Responding to a Claim — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
A managing director opens the post on 20 May to find a claim form that was served on his company's solicitors on 1 May, and by then he has already run out of time.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Both defence deadlines run from service of the particulars14 days to acknowledge, 28 days to defend if you doA bare denial is not a defenceA counterclaim filed
Statements of Case — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
A defence that denies everything and explains nothing can hand the claimant the very allegations the defendant most wanted to fight.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The claim form states the nature of the claim, the remedy and the valueParticulars plead material facts, never the evidenceA denial needs reasons and the defendant's own versionFailing to dea
Interim Applications — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
A blank box on a court form, an opponent shouting nullity, and a rule that quietly saves the whole application.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:CPR 23.6 requires two things only; an omission is not a nullityThree clear days, counted from deemed service, not from filingSummary judgment needs no real prospect and no compelling reasonFreezing and search ord
Case Management — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
A £12,000 claim about a garden wall, and the solicitor asks for three experts, four years of emails and a three-day trial.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The overriding objective: deal with cases justly and at proportionate costFour tracks, and financial value ignores what is admitted or interestStandard directions below multi-track; milestone dates mov
Evidence — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
A witness repeats what a colleague told them, the other side objects, and the judge lets it in anyway.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Hearsay is admissible in civil proceedings, and notice affects weight onlyRelevance and admissibility, the two gates evidence must passThe expert's duty to the court beats the client'sWhat belongs in a witness statement,
Disclosure and Inspection — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
Your client hands you the file and says the one email that would sink his defence stays out of it.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The four limbs of standard disclosure, and the adverse-document dutyReasonable search, proportionality, and what counts as controlLegal advice privilege needs the client; litigation privilege needs dominant purposeInspection
Trial Preparation — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
The witness who can win your case has just written to say he will not come, and the rule that makes him attend has a deadline hidden inside it.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Witness summonses: the seven day rule and the expenses conditionPre-trial check lists, the unless order, and the pre-trial reviewWho files the trial bundle, when, and what goes inS
Trial Procedure — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
An advocate cross-examines for a full hour without once mentioning the phone call, then asks the judge in closing to find that it was invented.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Who is My Lord, who is Your Honour, and who is JudgeThe served witness statement is the evidence in chiefLeading is barred in chief, allowed in cross, barred again afterChallenge i
Costs — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
A winning solicitor serves a bill on which every single hour is reasonable, and the costs judge is about to cut it anyway.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Loser pays is a discretion, not a promiseCosts budgeting, Precedent H, and varying before you spendWhat turns a settlement letter into a Part 36 offerSecurity for costs, fixed costs, and small claims r
Appeals — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
A solicitor diarised the appeal deadline with care, filed early, and was still six days too late.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:An appeal is a review, not a rehearing21 days runs from the decision, not the sealed orderDestination turns on the level of judge, not the courtSecond appeals need an important point of principle or practiceYou appeal the orde
Enforcement of Judgments — SQE1 FLK1 Dispute Resolution
Your client has won £45,000 and wants the money within weeks, but the debtor has no job, no savings, and one mortgaged house.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Match the enforcement method to the debtor, not the debtTaking control of goods: venue, notice, and what cannot be takenCharging orders secure the debt; only a sale pays itThird party debt orders ar
The Regulatory Role of the SRA — SQE1 FLK1 Legal Services
A solicitor spots a £15,000 error in the other side's completion statement, says nothing, tells no lie, and is still in breach.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Seven Principles, and Principles 1 and 2 beat Principle 7You can be honest and still lack integritySix reserved activities; everything else is open to anyoneDuties to the court beat your client's
Money Laundering — SQE1 FLK1 Legal Services
He will not say how he made his money, he wants to complete this week, and the maximum sentence if you act anyway is fourteen years.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Suspicion is only a possibility, more than fanciful, that facts existSection 328 catches the solicitor who acts in the transactionSection 330 uses an objective reasonable grounds testSeven wo
Financial Services — SQE1 FLK1 Legal Services
Arranging a client's buildings insurance is ordinary conveyancing, and keeping the introduction fee quietly turns it into a criminal offence.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:A regulated activity needs a specified activity, investment and businessAdvice must be on a particular investment; generic advice is not regulatedAll four conditions of the exemption
Funding Options for Legal Services — SQE1 FLK1 Legal Services
A solicitor puts an injured client on a no win, no fee deal, and two months later she finds her motor policy would have paid for everything.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Ask about existing insurance before recommending anything elseSuccess fee capped at base costs, and at damages in injury claimsDamages-based agreements pay the solicitor only from dam
Conflicts, Confidentiality and Disclosure — SQE1 FLK1 Legal Services
Your client writes to say she is perfectly happy for you to act even though you own part of the company selling to her, and that written consent is worth nothing at all.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Paragraph 6.1 has no exceptions, and consent cures nothingBoth exceptions to 6.2 need all three conditionsCompeting for the same objective is narrowly def
Principles of Criminal Liability — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
A trained lifeguard walks past a drowning man she could have saved in seconds, tells nobody, and commits no offence at all.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The prosecution proves every element beyond reasonable doubtNo liability for omissions unless a legal duty to act existsCausation: but for, then operating and substantial causeOblique intention needs
Common Assault and Battery — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
A shove meant only to push someone away can carry five years, and it makes no difference that you never once thought about hurting him.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Assault is apprehension of force; battery is the force itselfAny touching however slight can be a batteryWords can create an assault and words can negate oneSection 47 needs no foresight o
Section 20 and Section 18 OAPA 1861 — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
The pellet never broke his skin, and that single fact decides whether the charge of unlawful wounding survives at all.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:A wound breaks the whole skin, both epidermis and dermisGBH is judged against the particular victim, not a healthy adultSection 20 needs foresight of some physical harm onlySection 18 needs specific intent
Murder — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
A man locks his business partner in a walk-in freezer on Friday evening, says he only wanted to teach him a lesson, and admits he knew nobody would open it until Monday.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Five elements, and a lawful killing fails at the first onePerson in being: born alive and breathing, until brain stem deathCausation: but-for, then operat
Manslaughter — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
One punch outside a takeaway, one fall onto a kerb, one death, and the whole of homicide law turns on what was in the defendant's head.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Two tracks: partial defences to murder, or no murder intent at allLoss of control needs a qualifying trigger, and infidelity never countsDiminished responsibility must be proved by the def
Theft — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
Your client's van is towed to a compound, he climbs the fence that night and drives his own vehicle out, and he is charged with stealing it.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Consent does not prevent an appropriationConfidential information is not property and cannot be stolenYou can steal your own property from a possessorIvey replaced the second limb of
Robbery, Burglary and Related Theft Offences — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
A thief who shoves the owner three days later is not a robber, and a burglar stuck fast in a window still entered the building.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Robbery is theft plus force on a person, used in order to stealAppropriation continues, so force during the theft is still robberySection 9(1)(a) turns on intent at entry; 9(1)(b) on what followsA
Fraud — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
A genuine burglary, a real television and one inflated figure on the claim form, and the full offence of fraud was complete the moment she posted it.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:One offence of fraud, committed in three different waysDishonesty is the Ivey test now, not GhoshSection 2 is complete on making the representation, machines includedSection
Criminal Damage — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
Everyone who saw the incinerator beside the fence knew it would go up, except the man who put it there.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Damage means impairing value or usefulness, permanently or temporarilyRecklessness is subjective: what this defendant actually foresawAggravated damage needs danger from the damage, not the actThe section 5 excuses do no
General Defences — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
She jabs her keys into the face of the man running at her across a dark car park, and he was only returning the purse she had dropped.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Honest belief is subjective; reasonable force is objective but calibratedVoluntary intoxication is no defence to a basic intent offenceHouseholders get a higher threshold, but only in one d
Parties to Crime and Inchoate Offences — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Liability
Two friends agree on a fists-only beating, and one of them pulls out a gun the other has never seen.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Mere presence is not participation; you need assistance or encouragementForesight is evidence of intention, never a substitute for itWithdrawal must be communicated, unequivocal, and before the offenceAttempt needs intent t
Advising at the Police Station: Rights and Detention — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Law and Practice
A custody officer tells your client he cannot see a solicitor until after the first interview and will have to pay for one, and both of those statements are wrong.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Legal advice is free, private, and available at any timeOnly a superintendent may delay it, and never beyond 36 hoursThe detention clock runs from the relevant
Identification Procedures — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Law and Practice
An officer walks a man out of an alley, holds him by the arm and asks the witness whether that is the one, and in doing so probably destroys the case.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:A procedure must be held where the suspect genuinely disputes identityVideo identification comes first; confrontation is the last resortA breach is not automatic exclusion;
Advising on Police Questions and Interviews — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Law and Practice
He has a credible self-defence account and a named witness, and he is the worst possible person to put through a police interview.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Silence is still a right, but it is no longer freeSection 34 turns on what could reasonably have been mentionedA prepared statement blocks an inference on the facts in itYour advice to stay sil
Bail Applications — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Law and Practice
The prosecutor asks the bench to refuse your client bail because releasing him would damage public confidence, and there is no such ground anywhere in the Act.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Schedule 1 is a closed list of exceptionsParagraph 9 gives factors, not presumptionsBreaching a bail condition is not itself an offenceA surety promises; a security
First Hearings and Representation — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Law and Practice
A client who would sail through the means test can still be refused legal aid, because the test that decides it has nothing to do with money.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Classification decides the court, the procedure and the jury rightSix months for a summary offence, twelve for an either-way oneIndictable-only offences are sent straight to the Crow
Plea Before Venue and Allocation — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Law and Practice
One word said on the right morning is worth four months, and the warning that makes the choice an informed one is the one everybody forgets.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Plea before venue comes first; allocation only follows a not guilty indicationA guilty indication makes the court proceed as though he pleaded guiltyCredit of up to one third at the f
Case Management and Disclosure — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Law and Practice
A solicitor waiting for the prosecution's disclosure receives a single-page letter saying there is nothing to disclose, and that letter is not a failure but the start of the clock.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:Directions are court orders, and only the court may vary themInitial disclosure has two limbs, and a nil return is complianceThe defence statem
Burden and Standard of Proof — SQE1 FLK2 Criminal Law and Practice
A judge told a jury that once the killing was proved it was for the defendant to show it was an accident, and the House of Lords quashed the conviction.Practise this topic with exam-style questions: sqe1prep.co.ukIn this episode:The golden thread, and its only two recognised exceptionsLegal burden versus evidential burden, and why it mattersHow to read a statute for a reverse burdenArticle 6(2) an
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