Pax Britannica: A History of the British Empire
Pax Britannica is a narrative history podcast that explores the British Empire from its rise to its fall. Hosted by historian Dr Samuel Hume, it delves into the events that shaped the largest empire in history and questions the true nature of the 'British Peace'. The podcast was shortlisted for the 2023 Independent Podcast Awards.
Episodes
04.17 - The Trial of the Praying Indians
With King Philip's War going badly, Massachusetts turns on their Christian Indian subjects.
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Scottish History Tour Announcement & Survey
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04.16 - King Philip's War
The first shots of the King Philip's War, as the United Colonies of New England face off against Philip, Sachem of the Wampanoag. Will the colonies get the short, easy war they expect?
Who ever does?
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Bonus - Astronomy and Empire at the Royal Observatory
I was kindly invited to interview the curators of Royal Observatory Greenwich to celebrate the 350th Anniversary of the first Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed, moving in. I got to explore the whole museum, and then sat down for a chat with two curators: Senior Curator Dr Louise Devoy, and Daisy Chamberlain, Curator of First Light.
The Royal Observatory is open to the public, and well worth a visi
04.15 - CSI: New England
John Sassamon is found dead, a suspected murder victim. Who killed him, why, and how did it lead to war?
Watch the Kurzgesagt Nightshift video I wrote! https://youtu.be/bVc_xY6TWiY?si=JoAa78lzgJHIpoFT
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04.14 - All's Fair in Love and Law
Rhode Island gets a Royal Charter, and the rest of New England is ordered to play nicely with the Indians. Philip becomes Sachem, and Weetamoo turns the English love of lawsuits against them.
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04.13 - From Death and Darkness
How the Puritans converted the Indians, the origins of Harvard University Press, and the first bible in an American language.
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4-12 - Love Thy Neighbour
We get to grips with the history of King Philip's War, and set the stage for the conflict to come.
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Bonus - The Company in India with Professor Philip Stern
Philip J. Stern, Professor of History at Duke
Empire, Incorporated
The Company-State: Corporate Sovereignty and the Early Modern Foundations of the British Empire in India
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04.11 - New Starts in New England
New England faces smallpox, failed harvests, and religious dissenters.
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04.10 - The Cabal
With the downfall of Clarendon, the CABAL takes centre stage in Restoration politics. But it's never so simple...
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04.09 - The Raid on the Medway
Bankruptcy forces the Royal Navy into port. I'm sure it'll be safe.
Nicholas Rodgers, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649–1815
Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022.
Rebecca Rideal, 1666: Plague, War, and Hellfire, 2016.
Frank Fox, The Four Days' Battle: The Greatest Sea Fight of the Age of Sail, 2009.
David Onnekink & Gijs Rommelse, The Dutch in
04.08 - The Four Days' Battle
The Royal Navy and the Dutch fleet square off. Michiel de Ruyter needs to clear the way for the merchant fleet to get home, or else the Dutch economy might collapse. George Monck, Duke of Albemarle, is outnumbered and outgunned, and Prince Rupert races to join him.
Nicholas Rodgers, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649–1815
Anna Keay, The Restless Republi
04.07 - A City of Ash
After the Great Fire of London, the city needed to be rebuilt.
Rebecca Rideal, 1666: Plague, War, and Hellfire
Jacob Field, London, Londoners and the Great Fire of 1666: Disaster and Recover.
Clare Jackson, Charles II: The Star King
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Slavery throughout History with Patrick Wyman
Today I speak with Dr Patrick Wyman, host of The Fall of Rome, Tides of History, and his new show Past Lives. He's also published The Verge: Reformation, Renaissance, and Forty Years that Shook the World, and has a forthcoming book, Lost Worlds: How Humans Tried, Failed, Succeeded, and Built Our World.
We talk about public history, slavery, and the podcast industry!
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04.06 - The Great Fire of London
From a bakery on Pudding Lane, a fire destroys most of the City of London.
Rebecca Rideal, 1666: Plague, War, and Hellfire
Jacob Field, London, Londoners and the Great Fire of 1666: Disaster and Recover.
Clare Jackson, Charles II: The Star King
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04.05 - The Great Plague of London
The Bubonic Plague, Yersinia Pestis, arrives in London at the end of 1664. By the end of 1665, it will have killed 200,000 people all across England and Wales.
Evelyn Lord, The Great Plague: A People's History.
Dorothy Moote, The great plague: the story of London's most deadly year.
Charles River, The Great Plague of London: The History and Legacy of England’s Last Major Outbreak of the
04.04 - The Royal Navy Reborn
The Second Anglo-Dutch War begins, and we take a closer look at the Royal Navy of the Restoration.
Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023.
Nicholas Rodgers, The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, Volume 2, 1649–1815
Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022.
Rebecca Rideal, 1666: Plague, War, and Hellfire, 2016.
Charles Wilson, England’s Apprenticeship: 1603-1763, 1
The Stuarts, the Scottish Restoration, and Devil-Land with Professor Clare Jackson
The Mirror of Great Britain: A Life of James VI&I
Devil-Land: England under Siege, 1588-1688
Charles II: The Star King
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04.03 - The First Scramble for Africa
New trade policies annoy the Dutch, and new English companies attempt to force their way into West African markets. New Amsterdam becomes New York. The Second Anglo-Dutch War begins.
Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023.
Anna Keay, The Restless Republic, 2022.
Rebecca Rideal, 1666: Plague, War, and Hellfire, 2016.
Charles Wilson, England’s Apprenticeship: 1603-1763, 1975.
David
04.02 - The Seven Islands of Bombay
Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza, and the Portuguese Princess brings her new husband the city of Tangiers and the islands of Bombay. One of these will become a stronghold of the British Empire. The other will not.
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023.
Anna Keay, The Res
04.01 - The Return of the King
Charles II Stuart returns to London, and the Restoration tries to turn the clock back in England, Scotland, and Ireland. But a generation of civil war and revolution is not something that can be easily reversed.
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Jonathan Healey, The Blazing Wor
Introducing Pax Britannica Season 4 - The Restoration
Find Pax Britannica everywhere you find your podcasts, or go to Pod.Link/Pax to find out more.
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03.48 - With Thunderous Applause
George Monck arrives in London and restores the Long Parliament. Charles Stuart moves to Breda. The Republic votes itself out of existence.
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023.
Paul L
03.47 - Paradise Lost
The Army brings back the Rump Parliament, but they quickly regret that decision. In Scotland, George Monck prepares to march.
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 2023.
Paul Lay, Providence
03.46 - The Fall of the House of Cromwell
With the death of Oliver Cromwell, his eldest son Richard becomes Lord Protector. Can he balance the competing demands of the army and the republicans?
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
Jonathan Healey, The Blazing World, 202
03.45 - Jericho
"I will not seek to set up that which Providence hath destroyed, and laid in the dust, and I would not build Jericho again."
Oliver Cromwell refuses to become a king, and a new constitution takes effect. But Cromwell is not long for this world, and the question of succession had still not been settled.
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (e
03.44 - King Oliver the First?
Check out the University of Aberdeen Online Courses: http://on.abdn.ac.uk/online-history-courses
Oliver Cromwell is offered a crown... but will he take it?
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
Jonathan Healey, The Blazing Wo
03.43 - Between Darkness and Light
Check out the University of Aberdeen Online Courses: http://on.abdn.ac.uk/online-history-courses
The Second Protectorate Parliament meets, and the Major-Generals purge a third of the MPs before it even begins. Royalists and Levellers conspire to assassinate Lord Protector Cromwell. Thoughts turn towards a new royal dynasty.
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
03.42 - The Rule of the Major Generals
After rebellion and disappointment, Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell fears he has lost God's favour. The only way to restore it is do his work on earth - the moral reformation of England and Wales.
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002
Shattered Lands with Sam Dalrymple
As recently as 1928, a vast swathe of Asia – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Nepal, Bhutan, Yemen, Oman, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait – were bound together under a single imperial banner, an entity known officially as the ‘Indian Empire’, or more simply as the Raj. Sam Dalrymple was kind enough to speak with me about his new book, Shattered Lands: Five Partitions and the Making of Modern
03.41 - Cromwell's Spies
Oliver Cromwell's friend and Secretary of State John Thurloe was also one of the most effective spymasters in English history. Catching the Gerard Plot before they could assassinate the Lord Protector, and uprooting Penruddock's Uprising until it was just Penruddock left, he kept the Protectorate safe from threats. But he could not shield Cromwell from the terrible news of the Western Design.
03.40 - The Protestant Crusade
The army of the Western Design invades Jamaica, and marches unopposed into the capital. But despite English claims of victory, the Jamaican population is not about to let itself be conquered.
This episode could not have been written without the following works:
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English
03.39 - Francis Drake's Ghost
The fleet of the Western Design arrives off the coast of Hispaniola, and Oliver Cromwell's dream of a Protestant colonial empire seems assured. But it doesn't take long for everything to go wrong...
This episode could not have been written without the following works:
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English R
03.38 - "The Very Scum of Scums"
Lord Protector Cromwell dispatches a huge fleet of warships to the Caribben to conquer the Spanish colonies. But once the expedition reaches Barbados, they discover that reality doesn't match with expectations.
This episode could not have been written without the following works:
Alice Hunt, Republic, 2024.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of t
Preview of Winds of Change - Hostile Takeover
The first half of Episode 2 - Hostile Takeover. Listen to the full episode here: https://cms.megaphone.fm/channel/ARML6837257429?selected=ARML4090812395
After the death of Aurangzeb, the United East India Company benefitted from the political chaos of 18th century India. Allying with, fighting against, and eventually dominating the Nawabs of Bengal and Arcot, the Nizam of Hyderabad, the Peshwa of
Republic: Britain’s Revolutionary Decade with Prof. Alice Hunt
Professor Alice Hunt was kind enough to come on the podcast to talk about her new book, Republic: Britain’s Revolutionary Decade, 1649–1660. - https://www.faber.co.uk/product/9780571303199-republic-britains-revolutionary-decade-1649-1660/
Listen to Winds of Change HERE: https://pod.link/1779033628
Listen to The History of England HERE: https://pod.link/412308812
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03.37 - The Western Design
With the Commonwealth quiet, Cromwell takes his conquests global. With as much secrecy as possible, the Protectorate puts together an expedition to strike at the vulnerable colonies of the Catholic powers: the Western Design. But first, the Lord Protector has to decide where to attack.
Listen to Winds of Change HERE
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This
03.36 - The Alliance to Restore the Republic
The First Protectorate Parliament meets... and immediately starts tearing up the constitution.
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This episode could not have been written without the following works:
The Instrument of Government: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1653intrumentgovt.asp
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The O
03.35 - Glencairn's Falling
George Monck arrives in Scotland, and burns the Royalists out.
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This episode could not have been written without the following works:
Francis Dow, Cromwellian Scotland, 1651-1660, 1999.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
John Coffey, 'Reli
03.34 - Glencairn's Rising
Royalist rebellion erupts in the Scottish Highlands.
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This episode could not have been written without the following works:
Francis Dow, Cromwellian Scotland, 1651-1660, 1999.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
John Coffey, 'Religious Tho
English Revolution Q&A with David Crowther Part 2
I answer YOUR questions with David Crowther of the History of England Podcast!
Listen to the History of England: https://thehistoryofengland.co.uk/podcasts/history-of-england/
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English Revolution Q&A with David Crowther Part 1
I answer YOUR questions with David Crowther of the History of England Podcast!
Listen to the History of England: https://thehistoryofengland.co.uk/podcasts/history-of-england/
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03.33 - The Occupation of Scotland
The New Model Army occupies Scotland, but trouble is brewing in the Highlands.
Send us your questions at https://bit.ly/RevQA
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This episode could not have been written without the following works:
Francis Dow, Cromwellian Scotland, 1651-1660, 1999.
Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford
Elections from History: New Zealand, 1919
William Massey, leader of the Reform Party, and Sir Joseph Ward, leader of the Liberal Party, had spent an agonising four years in coalition together. They hated it, and once the First World War was over and they were back in New Zealand, they tried to tear each other down.
But the political scene in New Zealand had turned nasty in their absence. Sectarianism was surging, and the political value o
The Windrush Scandal with Dr Juanita Cox
Learn more about The Windrush Scandal in a Transnational and Commonwealth Context HERE or HERE
Send in questions about the Wars of the Three Kingdoms to https://bit.ly/RevQA
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03.32 - Peace Through War
The First Anglo-Dutch War ends, and Lord Protector Cromwell brings peace to his new Commonwealth. Mostly.
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This episode could not have been written without the following works:
The Instrument of Government: https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1653intrumentgovt.asp
Martyn Ben
Announcement - English Revolution Q&A with the History of England's David Crowther
Send us your questions at https://bit.ly/RevQA
Questions close on the 14th of July 2024!
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03.31 - The Uncrowned King
With the failure of Barebone's Parliament, John Lambert presents the Instrument of Government. The first written constitution in English history, designed to share power between an executive, his council, and an elected parliament. Maybe this new government would stand the test of time...
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This episode could not have been
03.30 - Barebone's Parliament
After the dissolution of the Rump Parliament, Oliver Cromwell and the Council of Officers decide on a new government. A new assembly - not an elected parliament - would be summoned, ordered to carry out the reforms long neglected by the Rump and to prepare a new parliament. It is given sixteen months to do this.
It won't last six months.
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03.29 - Radicalism of the Soul
We take a closer look at the Baptists, the Quakers, the Ranters, and the Fifth Monarchists, as the revolutionary energy of the Commonwealth of England is channeled into religious thought.
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Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
John Coffey, 'Re
03.28 - In the Name of God, Go!
Back in London, Oliver Cromwell loses patience with the Rump Parliament. The New Model Army is getting restless, and Parliament appears to be prioritising its own power over the reforms its soldiers fought for.
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Jonathan Barth, The Currency
03.27 - Masters of the Seas
The English defeat the Dutch, and Tromp faces his last battle.
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Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
Nicholas Rodge
03.26 - The Mountain of Iron
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Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume
03.25 - Evil as well as Good
After the Battle of Kentish Knock, the English navy is over confident. At the Battle of Dungeness, the Dutch hit back, led by the resurgent Admiral Tromp.
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Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the E
03.24 - The Battle of Kentish Knock
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Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume
The History of the Mughal Empire - The Throneless Times
In this first episode of this bonus series, we hear about Timur's devastating raid of northern India, and then follow his descendant Babur through his adventurous early years.
For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:
William Dalrymple, The Anarchy.
William Dalrymple, The Last Mughal.
John F. Richard, The Mughal Empire.
Bamber Gascoigne, The Great Moghuls
L
03.23 - The Sovereign of the Seas
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Martyn Bennet, Oliver Cromwell, 2006.
Michael Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution, 2015.
Barry Coward, The Cromwellian Protectorate, 2002.
Nicholas Rodger, The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, Volume
03.22 - A Mountain of Gold
Two of the greatest naval commanders of the 17th century - Robert Blake and Maarten Tromp - face off in the English Channel. After months of growing hostilities, a refusal to salute English ships is enough to spark a shooting war between the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces of the Netherlands.
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Cromwell and Ireland with Prof. Micheál Ó Siochrú
I speak with Micheál Ó Siochrú, Professor in Modern History at Trinity College Dublin about the Irish Confederacy, its strengths and successes, the place of Oliver Cromwell in Irish history, and whether the conquest was genocidal in intention and outcome.
Interested listeners might enjoy reading:
Micheál Ó Siochrú, Confederate Ireland, 1642-1649, 1999
Micheál Ó Siochrú, God’s Executioner: Oliver
03.21 - Going Dutch
On the surface the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and the Commonwealth of England should have been firm allies: both Protestant, both Republics, both naval powers. And yet the first of the Anglo-Dutch Wars was fought between them. Was this just commercial rivalry, or were there other reasons for this global naval conflict?
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Bonus - The Conquest of Jamaica with Prof. Carla Pestana
I speak to Professor Carla Gardina Pestana, Distinguished Professor and Joyce Appleby Endowed Chair of America in the World at UCLA, and ask her about Oliver Cromwell's Western Design.
Recommended for listeners who want to know more:
Carla Gardina Pestana, The World of Plymouth Plantation, (Belknap Press / Harvard University Press, 2020).
Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: O
03.20 - The Pirate Prince
Prince Rupert fights his naval war with the English Republic, to devastating personal cost. We also cover the Navigation Act, and why England's neighbours might not like it.
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Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Atlantic in the Age of Revoluti
Listen Now: Even the Royals
Admit it: you’re obsessed with royal families – watching them, gossiping about them, wanting to be them. It’s the stuff of fantasy. But for real life royals, the crown jewels can be more like shiny handcuffs. There are expectations and rules – and if you break them, the consequences are big, and very public. And there are royal families and wild royal tales from around the world and throughout his
03.19 - A Refuge of Lies
Virginia and Barbados, royalist colonies which had rejected the authority of the new republican Commonwealth of England, find heavily-armed warships off their coasts.
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Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Atlantic in the Age of Revolution, 2007.
Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell’s Bid
03.18 - Revenge as a Guide
The Commonwealth of England dispatches the States' Navy against its enemies - Prince Rupert and his fleet is at the top of that list.
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Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Atlantic in the Age of Revolution, 2007.
Carla Gardina Pestana, The English Conquest of Jamaica: Oliver Cromwell’s Bid for Empire, 2017.
Nicholas Rodge
03.17 - The Colonies are Revolting!
The Regicide of Charles I prompts Royalist reactions in the English colonies. Virginia, Bermuda, Barbados, Antigua, Newfoundland, and Maryland all proclaimed Charles II as their king. Some of these were forced by popular uprisings, others were political coups, and one was a Deputy Governor taking advantage of his boss being away. The Commonwealth, though distracted by the wars with England and Sco
03.16 - To Hell or Barbados
Transportation, to Europe or to England's colonies, was the fate for thousands of Irish soldiers, clergy, and civilians.
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Sarah Barber, ‘Settlement, Transplantation and Expulsion: A Comparative Study of the Placement of Peoples’, in British Interventions in Early Modern Ireland, ed. by Ciaran Brady and Jane Ohlmeyer (Cam
03.15 - Protestants, Ascendant
Irish land is awarded to English Adventurers and Cromwellian soldiers, and Protestant dominance is secured.
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Sarah Barber, ‘Settlement, Transplantation and Expulsion: A Comparative Study of the Placement of Peoples’, in British Interventions in Early Modern Ireland, ed. by Ciaran Brady and Jane Ohlmeyer (Cambridge: Cambri
03.14 - To Hell or Connacht
The Commonwealth, hungry for land, confiscates massive amounts of property from Irish Catholics. Most are ordered to move elsewhere in Ireland, to the Province of Connacht or County Clare. To refuse risked death.
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Sarah Barber, ‘Settlement, Transplantation and Expulsion: A Comparative Study of the Placement of Peoples’, i
03.13 - The Tory War
After the defeat of the Royalist coalition, the last military resistance to the Commonwealth in Ireland are irregular Tories - isolated, cut off from the chain of command, thousands of veteran Irish fights live off the land, establish bases in bogs and hills, and hit the English occupation forces wherever they can. The Commonwealth goes to extreme lengths to crush them.
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03.12 - Peace At Last?
The last embers of resistance to the Commonwealth are snuffed out in England and Scotland.
For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:
Charles Spencer, To Catch a King.
Philip Baker, 'The Regicide', in Michael J. Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution
Ian Gentles, The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652.
Alexia Grosj
03.11 - The Great Escape
After his defeat at Worcester, the young King Charles II is in enemy territory. He has to escape England, all while Oliver Cromwell's troops scour the countryside for him. If he's caught, he will almost certainly be executed like his father.
For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:
Charles Spencer, To Catch a King.
Philip Baker, 'The Regicide', in Michael J. Bra
03.10 - 'A Crowning Mercy' - the Final Battle of Worcester
After Oliver Cromwell's victory at Dunbar, the English forces hunker down in Edinburgh for winter. The Scots almost come to civil war between supporters of Charles II and the remaining Kirk Faction. After the Battle of Inverkeithing, English occupation of Scotland appears inevitable, and so Charles II proposes a bold strategy - leave Scotland, and march the length of England to capture London.
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03.09 - The Miracle of Dunbar
Cromwell invades Scotland and it goes badly. Until it doesn't.
For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:
Philip Baker, 'The Regicide', in Michael J. Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution
Ian Gentles, The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652.
Alexia Grosjean, Steve Murdoch, Alexander Leslie and the Scottish generals
03.08 - The Murderer of the Scottish Nation
The young Charles II tries to win international support. Montrose is unleashed on Scotland.
For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:
Philip Baker, 'The Regicide', in Michael J. Braddick. The Oxford Handbook of the English Revolution
Ian Gentles, The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1652.
Alexia Grosjean, Steve Murdoch, Alexander Lesl
03.07 - The Death of Royalist Ireland
Ormond's coalition collapses, as Henry Ireton takes over from Cromwell.
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For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:
John Cunningham, ‘Politics, 1641-1660’, Cambridge History of Ireland
Elaine Murphy, Micheál Ó Siochrú, Jason Peacey, John Mor
Bonus - The Denbigh House of Cards
The final attempt at compromise with Charles I was a secret mission by the earl of Denbigh, but the king famously denied it. Or did he?
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03.06 - Never Seen So Hot A Storm
Cromwell's campaign in Ireland comes to an end, with a high cost for the New Model Army at Clonmel.
Check out the podcast website or join the mailing list!
Check out Pax Britannica Merch!
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For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:
John Cunningham, ‘Politics, 1641-1660’, Cambridge History of Ireland
Elaine Murphy, Micheál Ó Sio
03.05 - Bloody Inhumanity
After sacking Drogheda and securing the path into Ulster, Cromwell marches south towards the port town of Wexford. History doesn't repeat, but it does rhyme.
Check out the podcast website or join the mailing list!
Check out Pax Britannica Merch!
Facebook | Twitter | Patreon | Donate
For this episode, I found the following publications particularly useful:
John Cunningham, ‘Politics, 1641-1660’, C
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